2011-5-21

May 21, 2011
[ 2011 年 English four reading comprehension questions and the analytical simulation of a ]
Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian (people a) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity (identity) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
[ A] skill
popular
[C] get
[D] change
[E] similarly
F] professional
[G] character
[H] individuality
inspire
[J] differently
[K] expect
[L] practical
recall
[N] lose
[O] ordinary
1. choose B). The first sentence from the article they love and respect few thins more than a uniform “they love and respect very uniform,” shows uniforms are very popular in the United States. Therefore, Option B) popular in line with the original meaning. Option in the professional “career”, practical “practical” and ordinary “ordinary, usual” do not meet the meaning of the first paragraph.
2. choose F). Should fill in adjective here. From the more … than civilian clothes seen here to be filled with civilian adjective meaning relative, indicating uniform characteristics. Option, only the adjective professional “career” and civilian relative, it is F) is correct. The pratical “practical” and ordinary “ordinary” meaning can not and civilian mapping, it is excluded.
3. selected K). From the be conditioned to do sth. “Accustomed to” we can see here should be filled infinitive. From the front look more “look …” and later tend to “prefer” we can see, this is to note that people subjective impressions, should fill that “expectations (to be),” the word, only K ) expect in line with the original tone. Option get “get” the tone and context do not match.
4. election I). Here should be filled infinitive. From the original text, “people used to … from the uniformed services who has been there.” We can see, people trust people in uniform, that uniform can make a person a sense of trust. Option in the infinitive only inspire “to produce” consistent with the article.
5. choose A). Here the term should be filled. Expressed in front of two people in uniform more confidence meant, then the garage mechanic “auto mechanic” is that people trust is its technology, rather than the character, so the only option A) skill in line with the original meaning.
6. choose N). Here the verb should be filled. … Step out of uniform “take off the uniform” is for nurses, police, etc. …… professional identity is a very simple way. Take off the uniform is the loss of professional identity, it can be inferred here to be filled N) lose.
7. choose L). Should fill in adjective here, indicating that the other subdued a bit. From below, “… the cost savings to buy other clothes, to save laundry costs, more comfortable and more than casual wear,” we can see uniforms in addition to increasing a sense of trust there are also practical advantages. Options pratical “practical” and ordinary “normal”, obviously L) pratical meet the original meaning.
8. selected H). Here the term should be filled. Means the article said, “Americans for their diversity and individuality are very proud, but they love and respect very uniform”, which includes uniforms so that they lose their individuality meant, then contact the first paragraph here that the uniform The disadvantage is the loss of individuality, so option H) individuality is correct. individuality emphasized the difference between the characteristics with others, and the character refers to the inherent nature of a particular individual.
9. choose D). Here the term should be filled. Uniform in front of people that lost their individuality, although there are a variety of uniforms, but the people who wear uniforms are that uniforms until retirement, all is not changed, it should fill in here change, so D) is correct.
10. selected E). Here should be filled adverb, modifying the verb act. Pointed out earlier … look alike, they tend to …, description here to fill similar meaning words and alike. Kinds of adverbs are similarly and options differently, obviously, E) similarly with similar meaning alike, was chosen E).
[ 2011 年 English four reading comprehension questions and the analytical simulation b ]
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll (deaths) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 am On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.
In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.
The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
[A] changes
flexible
[C] decrease
[D ] recent
[E] push
[F] reduce
[G] relatively
[H] safety
resistant
[J] expensive
[K] force
[L] accordingly
intensity
[N] security
[O] opposed
Answers:
1. selected M). Here the term should be filled for the object of the preposition, as post-modifier-modified earthquake, indicating that the term is “earthquake” of the natural attributes. Term options are changes, safety, intensity, and security, only the intensity can be expressed as the intensity of the earthquake was chosen M).
2. choose G). Here should be filled adverb, adjective used to modify less. Options adverbs are relatively “relative” and accordingly “appropriate”, the first paragraph of the earthquake and the earthquake in 1998 that the same degree, but the losses are much smaller, after the sentence from the “high road Not many vehicles “can be inferred: The earthquake caused” casualties “and a lot less than in 1998, which is relatively small, so choose G) relatively.
3. choose A). Space to fill in the word is the subject of the sentence, should be nouns. The backbone of this sentence is have strengthened the city buildings and highways, and comments from the contents of the third paragraph 3 of resolution we can see: structural changes, it should choose A) changes.
4. election I). Should fill in adjective here, and its composition in front of more comparative adjectives to describe the new building earthquake-related performance. them = the city buildings and highways, have strengthened “to be reinforced,” stating that they had more ability to resist risks. The four options to meet this adjective meaning only resistant was chosen I).
5. choose B). Here should fill in an adjective, noun modified materials. From the back … bent without breaking “bend do not break even,” shows that there is a ductile material. The four options only flexible adjective means “flexible, deformable,” it is B) is correct.
6. choose F). Here the term should be filled. The context insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation “in between the buildings and ground filled rubber and steel,” is to reduce the impact of ground vibrations “the impact of ground shaking on buildings.” Option can decrease and reduce that “reduce” means, the former refers to the gradual reduction and stability, which emphasizes the size, extent or intensity dropped or reduced. Therefore, F) reduce more meaning of the questions.
7. choose D). According to Note 3, we can deduce, the word is here to fill in the previous In the past, Laer corresponding to the option of the adjective can be expressed in only recent times, the most recent desighs “latest design”, in the original can correspond to “In the past, and later,” it is D) is the correct answer.
8. selected K). Mentioned earlier, the intelligent building, where the description of the building when the earthquake that move down when the computer how it will make it the opposite direction. Between push and force the verb hanging. push to emphasize that additional strength, and here is the drag force by integrating computer and intelligent building systems, so this force in line with the context.
9. Select N). Since then the term shall be filled, the object of a verb offer. The previous sentence has been taken in describing the new building earthquake-resistant measures, this sentence is the result of these measures. Earthquake-type building for the city should be provided more security, options that “safe” words are safety and security, the former is in safe condition, free from harm, no danger, and more for personal goods. The latter usually refers to the state and society from war, disaster and safe, so N) security more in line with the context.
10. selected J). Should fill in adjective here. However from the back after a description of the advantages of intelligent building that, However I have said before that the shortcomings of intelligent building. Since the intelligent building is very smart, but also a new thing, then build up and will certainly cost a lot of money, so choose J) expensive.
[ 2011 年 English four reading comprehension questions and the analytical simulation c ]
Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the US Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient (volatile) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems – both legal and educational – for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.
Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A US Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.
1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.< br /> A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties
B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities
C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities
D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education
2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.< br /> A) 350,000
B) 1,500,000
C) 440,000
D) 110,000 test large – China Educational Testing portal (www.233.com)
3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.< br /> A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children
B) the homeless population is growing rapidly
C) the homeless children usually stay outside school
D) some homeless children are deserted by their families
4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.< br /> A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized
B) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine
C) the address of grade-school children should be located
D) all homeless people are entitled to free education
5. The passage mainly deals with ____. big test, test with your peers
A) the legal problems of the homeless children
B) the educational problems of homeless children
C) the social status of older males
D) estimates on the homeless population
[Detailed]
answer and the answer: CCDAB
until the 1980s, the U.S. homeless population include or older men. Now, some of the community younger homeless people face the threat. Indeed, the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 25 cities in 1987 conducted a survey showed that, in the homeless population, the proportion of children growth is the fastest. Many homeless children are gathered in the city center. Among school-age children to wander around, suffering shock. This has the burden of examination to the big city too heavy teaching and teaching management brought a lot of places outside of the trouble, which also involves both the legal issues involved in education.
U.S. homeless population is estimated at 35 million and 3 million between. Similarly, the number of homeless school-age children can not make an accurate estimate. According to state estimates of a derived teachings of the Ministry of Education of the United States reported that 220,000 homeless school-age children, of which about one third of the school is not required. But the state of the alliance will be homeless, but estimated the number of such children should be at least twice, more than half of which is not normal school.
some of the homeless population is difficult to calculate in particular, those that have been abandoned by the family of “dissolute” young. According to the New York primary center estimates that about 1.5 million population. There are many children did not estimate them in, because these children do not stay safe at home, often alone in the street.
federal law (1987 Stewart ? B ? McKinney Act homeless assistance) pointed out some special educational needs of homeless children. Act provisions on education based on the view that all homeless children are entitled to formal compulsory education.
[ 2011 年 English four reading comprehension questions and the analytical simulation of d ]
Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic (pandemic) proportions. Not the disease itself – there is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety, The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen (carcinogens). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are dun to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning.
The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world – for example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities – but that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.
1.Which of the following is closest to meaning to the phrase “leveling off”?
A) Became very popular
B) Reached its lowest level in popularity
C) Stopped being popular
D) Stopped increasing its popularity
2.According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____ .
A) to be based on inactive life style
B) to be due to anxiety
C) to result from environmental influences
D) to be caused by heavy smoking
3.It can be inferred from the passage that the writer opinion about the relationship between cancer and environment is_____.
A) positive
B) negative
C) neutral
D ) approving
4.According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____.
A) cancer risk is on the rise
B) the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen
C ) the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people conceive
D) cancer can be cured sooner or later
5.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?
A) Cancer and Environment
B) The Fear Caused by Cancers
C) Data on Cancer Incidence
D) Cancer and its Investigation
[Detailed]
answers and D, C, B, C, A
we are afraid of cancer, this panic is spread. Not afraid of the cancer itself, cancer is not epidemic. In addition to the main cause of lung cancer due to smoking, the incidence of cancer is not only stabilized, but some is also reduced. But people are nothing but talk about “cancer” pale, into a kind of trepidation among the. Earth itself looks more like a giant on carcinogens. There is a little more or less universal scientific argument that 80% to 90% of cancers are due to the environment caused by the material. That is, until the whole environment, “clean”, we did not risk. However, the data shows the true meaning is not the case.
80% of this data is based on the different parts of the world of difference in cancer incidence statistics out. For example, Africa and the Far East, a high proportion of liver cancer, a high proportion of gastric cancer in Japan, Western Europe and North America, a high proportion of breast cancer, but the Japanese and fewer cases of breast cancer in parts of Africa, the Americas and fewer cases of liver cancer. These differences make it difficult confidence. These data indicate that the incidence of cancer in different regions may be subject to specific environments and special effects, in fact, this effect is mainly determined by the individual lifestyle. So the data can not explain all the circumstances. If you add up all the cases, the overall incidence rate may be around the same.
[ 2011 年 English four reading comprehension questions and the analytical simulation of e ]
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll (deaths) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 am On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.
In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.
The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
[A] changes
flexible
[C] decrease
[D ] recent
[E] push
[F] reduce
[G] relatively
[H] safety
resistant
[J] expensive
[K] force
[L] accordingly
intensity
[N] security
[O] opposed
Answers:
1. selected M). Here the term should be filled for the object of the preposition, as post-modifier-modified earthquake, indicating that the term is “earthquake” of the natural attributes. Term options are changes, safety, intensity, and security, only the intensity can be expressed as the intensity of the earthquake was chosen M).
2. choose G). Here should be filled adverb, adjective used to modify less. Options adverbs are relatively “relative” and accordingly “appropriate”, the first paragraph of the earthquake and the earthquake in 1998 that the same degree, but the losses are much smaller, after the sentence from the “high road Not many vehicles “can be inferred: The earthquake caused” casualties “much less than in 1998, which is relatively small, so choose G) relatively.
3. choose A). Space to fill in the word is the subject of the sentence, should be nouns. The backbone of this sentence is have strengthened the city buildings and highways, and comments from the contents of the third paragraph 3 of resolution we can see: structural changes, it should choose A) changes.
4. election I). Should fill in adjective here, and its composition in front of more comparative adjectives to describe the new building earthquake-related performance. them = the city buildings and highways, have strengthened “to be reinforced,” stating that they had more ability to resist risks. The four options to meet this adjective meaning only resistant was chosen I).
5. choose B). Here should fill in an adjective, noun modified materials. From the back … bent without breaking “bend do not break even,” shows that there is a ductile material. The four options only flexible adjective means “flexible, deformable,” it is B) is correct.
6. choose F). Here the term should be filled. The context insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation “in between the buildings and ground filled rubber and steel,” is to reduce the impact of ground vibrations “the impact of ground shaking on buildings.” Option can decrease and reduce that “reduce” means, the former refers to the gradual reduction and stability, which emphasizes the size, extent or intensity dropped or reduced. Therefore, F) reduce more meaning of the questions.
7. choose D). According to Note 3, we can deduce, the word is here to fill in the previous In the past, Laer corresponding to the option of the adjective can be expressed in only recent times, the most recent desighs “latest design”, in the original can correspond to “In the past, and later,” it is D) is the correct answer.
8. selected K). Mentioned earlier, the intelligent building, where the description of the building when the earthquake that move down when the computer how it will make it the opposite direction. Between push and force the verb hanging. push to emphasize that additional strength, and here is the drag force by integrating computer and intelligent building systems, so this force in line with the context.
9. Select N). Since then the term shall be filled, the object of a verb offer. The previous sentence has been taken in describing the new building earthquake-resistant measures, this sentence is the result of these measures. Earthquake-type building for the city should be provided more security, options that “safe” words are safety and security, the former is in safe condition, free from harm, no danger, and more for personal goods. The latter usually refers to the state and society from war, disaster and safe, so N) security more in line with the context.
10. selected J). Should fill in adjective here. However from the back after a description of the advantages of intelligent building that, However I have said before that the shortcomings of intelligent building. Since the intelligent building is very smart, but also a new thing, then build up and will certainly cost a lot of money, so choose J) expensive.
REVIEW:
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll (deaths) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. (The damage and death toll could have been much worse. sentence for the subjunctive mood, “caused by the earthquake should have been more casualties and losses.” earthquake actually described the loss is not significant.) By comparison , an earthquake of similar M) intensity that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims. (the backbone of this sentence is an earthquake … claimed …
25,000 victims.)
Injuries and deaths were G) relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 am On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city highway. In addition, A) changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city buildings and highways, making them more I) resistant to quakes.
In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet B) flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to F) reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most D) recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings , the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would K) force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater N) security to cities where earthquakes ofen take place. (In the past …, Later …, The most … designs, here is a description of the order of the world, shows from the past to the present, the building structure has been changing.)
The new smart structures could be very J) expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
full translation:
1994 occurred in Los Angeles strong earthquake, seismologists reported the good news: the earthquake caused casualties and damage is not great. The earthquake killed 60 people. In comparison, the United States occurred in 1998 caused by the earthquake of similar intensity casualties up to 25,000 people.
relatively small number of casualties in the earthquake in Los Angeles, because earthquake 4:31 in the morning, but that day is a holiday. Were few cars on city roads. In addition, in the past 20 years, Los Angeles building codes made for a revision of the city buildings and the road system more robust and enhance the seismic capacity.
In the past, the shock is strong and building materials refers to a flexible material, such as steel and wood, even if they can bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift the building from the foundation, and then fill in between the buildings and ground rubber and steel, thereby reducing the impact of ground shaking on buildings. The latest architectural design not only provides for the construction of cement and steel support, but also give it intelligence, to become intelligent building, the building can be like living organisms, so as to respond to the earthquake. Local surface vibrations caused by the building at the top of forward tilt, the computer will force the building to the opposite direction. This new architecture designed to make earthquake-prone areas in the city more secure.
This new type of intelligent building very expensive. However, it could save many lives, but are unlikely to be damaged in the earthquake.